Earphone works the same way as speakers. Sound is transmitted through air. This is indebatable fact.
The only difference is the distance to the ear drum. Earphone can produce bass like 20hz. 20Hz bass MAY not be audible in small room is due to reflections and bounce back etc. It is the cancelling effect which makes it not audible. While there is no cancelling effect in your ear canal so you can hear bass via earphone. If you put your ear close to the woofer you can easily hear the bass.
So it is correct to say bass MAY not be audible in small room. But it is mainly due to cancelling effect, not entirely right to say it is due to a room smaller/shorter than the wave length. It is the small room which cause the wave to bounce back and in turn leads to cancelling effect.
I am no expert in this but the above article explains this phenomenon clearly and precisely. I think in any argument the precise choice in wording is important. It's not a game of playing words. But if the use of words is not precise, concepts can be mis- represented. What is the point of arguing when you can't present your side of argument clearly.
So it is correct to say bass MAY not be audible in small room. But it is mainly due to cancelling effect, not entirely right to say it is due to a room smaller/shorter than the wave length. It is the small room which cause the wave to bounce back and in turn leads to cancelling effect.